مصادر البروتين والكربوهيدرات في التغذية

مصادر البروتين الحيواني و كيفية الإعداد:
يجب أن يشكل البروتين ما نسبته 3/2 من الوجبة الغذائية لما له من أهمية في بناء الجسم والمناعة ,هنالك العديد من المصادر يمكن اعتمادها بالتغذية منها:
1- البيض : يقدم للحيوان ناضجا (غير نئ) وخاصة بياض البيض فهو سهل الهضم , و يمكن هرس القشرة بشكل جيد (مسحوق) و خلطها مع البيض وتقديمها لما تحتويه من كالسيوم وغيره من الشوارد المعدنية
2- اللحوم : بتعدد أنواعها (لحم بقر – غنم – دجاج- الكبد – الرئتين- القلب )يجب تقديم اللحم مطبوخ حتى لا يكون مصدر العدوى بالديدان الشريطية التي تنتقل من لحوم الحيوانات المصابة وكذلك طفيلي التوكسوبلازما
3- الأسماك (للقطط فقط) : من الوجبات المفضلفة لدى القطط فهي ذات مذاق مستساغ للقطط . يجب تقديمها مطبوخة بشكل جيد حتى لا تصاب القطط بنقص فيتامين الثيامين( لأن السمك النيئ يحتوي على أنزيم الثياميناز الذي يخرب الثيامين و يسبب نقصه حالة من الشلل).4- الحليب (حليب الأبقار فقط): مصدر ممتاز للبروتين إضافة الى احتوائه على الكالسيوم والفسفور و كذلك الفيتامينات والأملاح المعدنية. يقدم مغلي وبارد للقطط والكلاب .

الدهون و أهميتها بالتغذية:
لا بد من أن تحصل القطط خاصة على وجبة من الدهون الحيوانية ولكن بنسب خاصة و ذلك لأن القطط لا تستطيع تخليق بعض الأحماض الدهنية الضرورية بعكس الحيوانات الأخرى. والدهون مصدر هام من مصادر الطاقة بالإضافة لاحتوائها على فيتامين أ- د – ه – ك , ونقصها بالتغذية يسبب بطء في نمو الشعر و خشونته و كذلك قرح جلدية وبعض حالات الضعف الجنسي والعقم. كما أن زيادتها بالتغذية يؤدي إلى لحالة مرضية تسمى مرض الدهن الأصفر(تتكون طبقة سميكة من الدهن تحت سطح جلد الحيوانات ).

مصادر الكربوهيدرات:
تعتبر الكربوهيدرات مصدرا للطاقة لتوفير البروتين لبناء الأنسجة بدلا من استخدامه للطاقة. مصادر الكربوهيدرات هي : الحبوب – البطاطا – الأرز – المعكرونة – السكر (لا ينصح باستخدامه خاصة لكلاب)
والمواد الكربوهيدراتية المطبوخة سهلة الهضم ويجب أن تمثّل حوالي 3/1 الوجبة مع كميات متناسبة من البروتين و الدهون

الخضروات :
هي مواد سهلة الهضم و تكمن أهميتها بأنها مصدر غني جدا بالفيتامينات والاملاح المعدنية الضرورية للجسم
وينصح بتقديمها طازجة نيئة , كما ينصح بتعويد الحيوانات على أكلها من عمر صغير حتى لا تواجه مشاكل عند تقديمها مع تقدم العمر.

المــــــــــــاء:
تعتمد كمية الماء التي يحتاجها الحيوان تبعا لعدة عوامل :
- منها درجة حرارة الجلد
- حركة ونشاط الحيوان
- نوعية الغذاء اليومي
لا بد من توفر مصدر نظيف للمياه يقدم على فترات طيلة النهار.
بعض الوجبات سهلة التحضير واللذيذة للحيوانات التي ينصح بتقديمها للحيوانات المنزلية في المقالة القادمة
المركز الصحي للحيوانات المنزلية

kangal vs pitbull

Dog Aggression: Dos and Don'ts

Keke's just playing here, but I might have nightmares!

Not sure what it is about the brisk fall weather, or the alignment of the planets (or more mundanely, as it turns out, the management of which "keywords" are triggering my Google Adwords account), but I've sure been getting bit a lot recently!

In the past month I've been growled at, snapped at, and bit by tiny little Yorkies and Chihuahuas with Napolean complexes (I have in my bag of tricks a pair of leather gloves that I call my "Chihuahua gloves"), prey-aggressive Pits, environmentally anxious Blue Heelers, a sizable resource-guarding Ridgeback, a Great Dane with no manners, and one very intimidating German Shepherd who even succeeded at latching onto my coat through the tip of his muzzle!

I'm pretty good at neutralizing an aggressive reaction so that it doesn't really do me any damage; the most I've suffered recently is a few holes in my leather shoes, my jacket, and my folder of handouts. (In that least case the owners can really say their dog ate their homework!) The main thing is that I don't see aggressive tendencies as signs that a dog is a "bad dog", but rather as a clue to an unbalanced emotional mindset that is wanting to be healed.

Head over body means dominance

- except when accompanied by a bellyrub. :) 

Unfortunately many people's initial or instinctive reactions to dog aggression are often exactly the wrong thing, precisely what you DON'T want to do to ease or resolve the situation.

• Many people overreact when confronted with their or other dogs' signs of aggression. Overreacting never helps, and can often exacerbate a tense situation. Stay calm. Extremely few dogs will continue to attack someone who remains calm and exhibits neither fear nor aggression of their own.

• Don't punish the dog. This can often escalate the aggression, and where it does succeed at removing precursors to aggressive behavior like growling, it only creates a more dangerous creatures. Signs of aggression are often adapted for precisely to AVOID violence, confrontation, fighting, or other unpleasantness. Growling, ears lowered, tail tucked, mouth taut...these are all signs saying "Go away! I don't want to hurt you!"

• Many people get scared, angry, or embarrassed that they have a "bad dog". Instead try to figure out what is causing the aggression (is it fear? dominance? protectiveness? guarding?) and make a plan (probably with an experienced professional) to help heal that injured mindset.

In my opinion however, the most common yet detrimental reaction is to immediately remove whatever is causing the aggression. For instance I see it all the time in dog parks, when two dogs get into a minor scuffle because the play got too rough or one is trying to dominate the other, the owners scoop their pups up in their arms, worried, embarrassed, and angry at each other, and high-tail it out of there. Think of what just happened: the dogs growled and snapped at each other, which caused their enemy to disappear! It worked! You've just rewarded your dog's aggression. Reward means reinforcement. If it worked this time, be sure they'll do it again - only quicker next time.

"If i hide in the corner no one will see me."

Or in fear cases: the dog gets scared at the sound of a bus, or the approach of a bigger dog on the sidewalk, and you cross the street. The fear emotion and behavior succeed at saving your dogs life, as far as he knows. The fear worked! Once again, it is reinforced.

In resource guarding cases: you try to take your dog's bone, and he growls or snaps at you so you give him the bone and say "Sorry!" and tiptoe away. Again the aggression is reinforced. 

With pack protection: your mailman comes to the door and your pup barks and snaps, so you duck back inside with Fido. You survived intact; your dog thinks he just succeeded in saving you from the evil mailman.

The right reaction to aggression is to "Correct, redirect, reward". By "correct" I again don't mean "punish"; what you want is to simply stop the bad behavior. It's a subtle art to do so without rewarding or punishing; a clap, snap, turn, block...often just relax and wait for the tension to pass and ease. The exact reaction is situational but the goal is to put an end to that reaction. "Redirect": you tell your dog what you DO want him doing instead. Sit, lie down, walk, come to you...it doesn't really matter. Because what you're looking to do is "Reward": give praise, belly rubs, treats, walk, run, play, give the bone back to chew, or release to go back and socialize. With 90% of dogs that have snapped at me, a few minutes later I'll be running with them in the park, throwing a toy for them, sitting peacefully with them on the couch, or rubbing their belly. These "reparative experiences" are crucial and far too rare for most aggressive dogs.

Stop the bad behavior, get the behavior you want, then reward it. 

Easily said. Not always so easily done.

Which is why I need new gloves for Christmas.

:)

Clicker The Ultimate Dog Training Revolution

I'm sure you'd like to have a well-trained dog, and would like to know how to do dog training to the max, and also make use of clicker training to make that job simple for you. Well hopefully this readings will help you with that, even just a little bit, but let's just hope more than that ^_^ Every dog-owner desires a well-behaved dog. Even if you have tried to train your dog historicallyin the past and perhaps haven't been as successful as you'd like, don't fret, it is not your fault. With all the incorrect and incomplete knowledge out there, it is understandable. It IS feasible to train your dog as well as you would like, and this video gives you a great way to start towards a well-behaved dog.

It was first used in training marine mammals (perhaps because they naturally make clicking sounds!), and was so effective that it was quickly taken up by dog trainers. Major advantage of clicker training is that that, compared to any other system, clicker training gives much faster feedback on what the dog is doing. Imagine that your dog has done something you wanted it to do, but is a few yards away from you. It takes some time to run over there and pat the dog, or even to give some verbal praise.

The clicker-training system is simple and effective, and has been a actual revolution in dog training in recent times. Additionally, the sound of the clicker sound doesn't modify according to your mood. This is important, as it makes training the dog much faster and simpler, in lieu of confusing it by giving it the same command in lots of different tones of voice as your mood changes naturally.
Using a clicker, the feedback to the dog is immediate which makes it far simpler for the dog to quickly learn exactly what you require it to do. That is, after all, how training works!

The way you implement clicker training is you first buy the clicker. Most pet stores will have them these days, or you could discover a kid's toy which produces suitable clicks. Then together with your dog, make a click and straight-away give him a treat and give him praise simultaneously. Repeat this often, so the dog associates the click with the reward. One time this association has developed, the click can be used on it is own, usually without the treat. The click takes the meaning of "correct" for the dog, so every time you click, the dog knows it is done what you wanted, at exactly the time of the click. So that is how clicker training works.

This system can help you train your dog more quickly and effectively. Why not give this somewhat ultimate dog training trick a try!

Dog Training To Stop That Excessive Barking

Does your dog love to bark? Does he bark while you are home and even more when you are away, or may be even when you are doing dog training? Are your neighbors complaining? This excessive barking can be over annoying. So, you need to cease it but perhaps you have no idea how to. Your dog is probably barking like this because he is bored but more importantly, how are you reacting to his barking? If your dog is in the yard and he is barking incessantly he is seeking attention and while he prefers positive attention, he will take negative if that is all that is handy. Even in case you are yelling at your dog, he still wins because he got your attention.

Now, in case you are home and your dog start barking for no reason then you can walk up to him and spray or splash water in his face. Turn and walk away, do not say a word. When he stops barking immediately reward him and praise him. Anytime that your dog does not bark be sure to praise him so he can see the association.

It is a bigger issue if your dog insists on barking when you are not home. As a matter of fact you may not even know about it until a neighbor informs you. First, make sure that your dog has everything he needs while you are away. Keep the drapes closed so he cannot see other animals or people walking past. Do not leave him outside if he is a barker, bring him in.

In case you make a giant deal about departing and coming back your dog is going to see that when you leave it is a serious issue. Try to divert your dog's attention when you are gone by ensuring he's something to occupy his time. In case you don't he will likely bark to keep busy. Leave him some chew toys, but make sure that he likes them first. If he doesn't go near them when you are home he likely won't when you are gone. It may help to keep a radio or the TV on.

As difficult as it might be, you need to cease saying anything to your dog before you leave. Be calm, don't speak and do not pet your dog, leave. Do the same when you get home. Walk in, check your mail, alter clothes, whatever it is that you do and then after some time you can start speaking to your dog. You are trying to establish that your being away was not a giant deal, which leaves no reason for your dog to bark. Keep in mind, that consistency is the key factor to successful dog training.

Dog Training Book: Cesar's Way Review

Here's a nice addition for your dog training education technique, a review of the dog training book "CESAR'S WAY: The Natural, Everyday Guide to Understanding & Correcting Common Dog Problems". In fact, buy the book i should say, because it's one of those thing that you really need to become the ultimate dog lover ^_^ Although there are lots of other books out there, this one is the special one that always come in handy, very handy i should really say, because everyone knows that Cesar Millan is the most sought when people are having dog problems, if he's not the best people won't believe him, right? Time will tell, and it's been like 5 years now, and he's still on in the National Geographic Channel.
Cesar Millan is best known from his National Geographic Channel show "Dog Whisperer" and his appearances with such show hosts as Opra, Jay Leno, and Diane Sawyer. Cesar is founder of the Dog Psychology Middle in Los Angelos and, together with his spouse, has founded the Cesar and Ilusion Foundation to help shelters and rescue groups.

In CESAR'S WAY, you learn what goes on inside your dog's mind and create a positive, fulfilling relationship along with your best mate. "Dog Whisperer" Cesar Millan is America's most sought-after dog-behavior specialist, but they is not a trainer in the traditional sense -- his expertise lies in his ability to understand dog psychology. Tracing his own journey from a clay-walled farm in Mexico to the celebrity palaces of Los Angeles, Cesar recounts how they learned what makes canines tick.

Here, they shares this wisdom. Cesar's formula for a contented and balanced dog seems impossibly simple: exercise, discipline, and affection, in that order. Whether you are having issues along with your dog or require to make a lovely bond even stronger, this book will give you a deeper appreciation of how your dog sees the world, and it will help make your relationship along with the that you love pet.

In his chapter "Growing up with Canines -- A view from the Other Side of the Border," Cesar describes his early life in Mexico, a fascinating short bio.


Other chapters create his ideas of training and re-training dogs; "A Dog's Life," "If they Could Talk to the Animals," and "Dog Psychology." "Power of the Pack" tells in detail ideas they has shown on his televised meetings with canines.


Cesar is best known for his statement "I rehabilitate canines. I train people."


Cesar's formula for a contented and balanced dog seems impossibly simple: exercise, discipline, and affection, in that order. Taking readers through the basics of dog psychology and behavior, Cesar shares the inside details of a quantity of his most fascinating cases, using them to illustrate how common behavior issues create and, more important, how they can be corrected.

Whether you are having issues along with your dog or require to make a lovely bond even stronger, this book will give you a deeper appreciation of how your dog sees the world. And it will help make your relationship along with the that you love pet a richer and more rewarding.


In chapters titled "Dogs in the Red Zone," "Cesar's Fulfillment Formula for a Balanced and Healthy Dog," and "Fulfilling Our Canines, Fulfilling Ourselves" they wisely details what goes on inside your dog's mind and tells you...




1. What your dog really needs may not be what you're giving him.
2. Why a dog's natural pack instincts are the key to your happy relationship.
3. How to relate to your dog on a canine level.
4. There are no "problem breeds," just problem owners.
5. Why every dog needs a job.
6. How to choose a dog who's right for you and your family.
7. The difference between discipline and punishment.
Here is just one example of what Cesar has to say:
"In the first season of my National Geographic Channel show, Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan, I came across a case that offered an excellent example of how we can use our powers of visualization to instantly transform our energy and our relationships with our dogs.

"Sharon and her husband, Brendan, had rescued Julius, a sweet, lovable pit bull/Dalmatian mix, who, unfortunately, came to them afraid of his own shadow. Whenever they took him out for walks, he would tremble all over and walk with his tail between his legs, and would bolt for the safety of their house the moment he got a chance. When guests came over, he would freeze up and cower under the furniture. When I worked with the couple, I noticed that Sharon became extremely anxious and frightened whenever Julius acted afraid or pulled on his leash during walks. She was so worried about Julius that she would try to comfort him with words, and when he wasn't comforted, she would just throw her hands up in helplessness. It was clear to me that Julius was picking up on Sharon's fearful energy, which was greatly intensifying his own fear.
"When Sharon told me she was an actress, however, I realized that she had a powerful tool at her disposal that she wasn't taking advantage of. The best actors learn to dig deep inside themselves, to use the power of thought, feeling, and imagination to transform themselves into different characters and to switch instantly from one emotional state to another. I asked Sharon to reach into the same 'tool kit' she drew upon when she performed onstage or in a film and concentrate on a very simple acting exercise: to think of a character she identified as being calm and assertive. Because of her training, Sharon immediately understood what I was asking her to do. Without hesitation she answered, 'Cleopatra.' I then suggested that she 'become' Cleopatra every time she walked Julius.
"It was thrilling for me to watch her the first time she gave that acting exercise a try! While walking Julius, Sharon began to imagine that she actually was Cleopatra. Right before my eyes, her posture became straighter and her chest higher. She raised her head and gazed imperiously around her, as if she were the queen of all she surveyed. Thanks to the same acting abilities she'd spent a lifetime honing, suddenly she was aware of her power and her beauty, and she naturally expected everyone--especially her dog--to obey her every wish! Of course, Julius had never gone to acting class, but because he picked up on her energy shift, he had no choice but to become Sharon's 'scene partner' in her Cleopatra fantasy. The change in that cowering pit bull/Dalmatian was immediate. Once he realized he was walking with a 'queen,' he instantly became more relaxed and less fearful. After all, what dog would be afraid with the allpowerful Cleopatra holding his leash?
"Julius and his owners have worked hard and come a long way. It took many months of dedicated daily practice, but a year later, Julius is totally secure on their walks, and now even welcomes strangers into their home--all thanks to the power of calmassertive leadership, and with a little help from Cleopatra."


Cesar Milan, shares a wide selection of knowledge that will help desperate dog owners in all places with all manner of issues, from obedience to understanding the best way to communicate with their canines. Sharing the ideas of pack psychology, dog needs, and far, much more, Cesar also provides lots of tales and anecdotes from his own work and life.


Filled with fascinating anecdotes about Cesar's longtime clients, and including forewords by the president of the International Association of Dog Professionals and Jada Pinkett Smith, this is the only book you'll require to forge a brand new, more rewarding connection along with your four-legged companion.


This dog training book certainly makes it to every dog lover's bookshelf for sure ^_^

Top 5 Well-Proven Dog Training Tips

This is the main reason why you need to read this top 5 well proven dog training tips, because you have tried almost everything already to train your dog, and not been as successful as you might wish, don't blame yourself. There is lots of misinformation on this subject, and incomplete ideas around. Every dog owner desires their dog to do what they need. Let me assure you that a well-behaved dog is definitely something you can accomplish, in simple, proven steps. Don't be concerned that it might be complicated or challenging to train your dog. One time you understand the basics, it is simple and effective. You need patience, dedication and some simple tactics and you will teach them successfully.

Here are proven tips on how to train your canines successfully:
1. To keep away from your dog getting confused and so that they can learn to recognize commands basically person ought to be responsible for training the dog initially. If plenty of people are trying to train the dog simultaneously this can cease progress in its tracks.
Also make 100% definite you are consistent with the words you use for each command, so it is simple for your dog to learn what you mean.

2. You ought to make use of positive reinforcements. If the dog does something nice, you ought to reward this behavior so that they will know that what they did was right. Canines love your attention, so giving it positive feedback, praise, and attention will powerfully reinforce its learning.
What you ought to understand is that they won't basically understand your commands in teaching, it takes repetition to train a dog successfully. Do not scold your dog as they might create fear which will delay his learning and willingness to be trained.

In case you use treats in order to encourage your canines, make definite to take them out of the canines every day food allowance, to keep your dog healthy.

3. Teach commands after the other. Stay on that command until your dog shows you that they consistently understands and obeys it, before adding a new command for him to also learn.

4. In giving commands, you ought to keep your voice cheerful so that the dog will happily follow your commands. Don't shout or get angry, because they may become terrified and reluctant.

5. Train your dog in various different places. In case you keep your canines in a definite place like your home, they won't be able to adjust to the environment and new people. Take him to the park or through the neighborhood. This will help your dog associate with other canines and people.

Training your dog can sometime be hard, but it will be worth it. Both you and the dog will be much better off when your dog understands what you need him to do.

Remember that this will never happen if you don't have faith in all this, also you really have to be sure that all these methods of top 5 well proven dog training tips will work, with all your hard work and your dog's of course. ^_^